Cow's milk protein allergy and possible complications

One of the most common types of food allergies in infants and young children is cow's milk protein allergy (BJM). BJM occurs when the immune system reacts negatively to the protein in cow's milk. This food intolerance can cause a variety of symptoms that often hinder daily functioning. In this article, we will discuss the possible complications of cow's milk protein allergy and present ways to recognize and treat them.

Symptoms of cow's milk protein allergy

BJM can manifest itself in many different ways. Infants often experience gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, bloating or bloody stools. Skin symptoms such as hives, eczema or rashes may also occur. Some children may also experience respiratory symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, shortness of breath or coughing. It is worth noting that the symptoms of BJM are often a food intolerance rather than an allergy proper, so a thorough examination and diagnosis by an allergist is necessary.

Possible complications of cow's milk protein allergy

Cow's milk protein allergy can lead to various health complications, especially if not properly identified and treated. One complication can be a nutritional deficiency, as excluding cow's milk from the diet can lead to a lack of certain nutrients. Children with cow's milk protein allergy may also have an increased risk of psychomotor development problems and developmental delays.

For younger children, cow's milk protein allergy can lead to sleep disturbances, irritability, crying and general discomfort. Long-term mismanagement of cow's milk protein allergy can also adversely affect the development of the body's natural tolerance to the protein, which in turn can lead to difficulties in the future when cow's milk is introduced into the diet.

Diagnosis and treatment of cow's milk protein allergy

In order to diagnose cow's milk protein allergy, it is necessary to visit an allergologist. Based on the patient's history and diagnostic tests, the doctor can determine whether the patient's symptoms are the result of an allergy to cow's milk protein. One of the most common tests used to diagnose BJM is a skin test or a blood test to detect specific IgE antibodies.

The most important step in treating cow's milk protein allergy is to eliminate cow's milk protein from the patient's diet. Babies fed modified milk often need to switch to special formulas designed for children with cow's milk protein intolerance or to milk without cow's protein, such as soy milk, rice milk or goat's milk. For breastfed infants, the mother must eliminate products containing cow's milk protein from her diet.

Over time, most children grow out of their cow's milk protein allergy, so under medical supervision, products containing this protein can be gradually introduced back into the child's diet to assess whether the allergy is still present. However, it is important to do this gradually and under the supervision of a specialist.

Summary

Cow's milk protein allergy can cause a variety of complications, so it is important to identify and apply appropriate treatment as soon as possible. Elimination of cow's milk protein from the patient's diet is key, as well as regular monitoring of symptoms and introduction of products containing this protein back into the diet gradually and under the care of a doctor.Maintaining a proper diet and strictly following medical advice can help reduce the risk of complications and improve the quality of life for those affected by cow's milk protein allergy. If you have any doubts or concerns, it is always advisable to consult an allergist, who can help with the diagnosis and suggest appropriate therapy for the patient.